Macroscopic view; Right and left pulmonary veins unite to form a single vessel, which passes through diaphragm to join the portal vein. In other cases, the anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into right atrium or vena cava inferior. Congenital heart defects are classified into numerous type of disease. Some forms of congenital heart disease produce severe cyanosis at birth, but mild forms, e.g. atrial septal defect (ASD), may not become evident until adulthood. The causes of congenital anomalies are wide ranging but can include causes such as viral Rubella infection of the mother’s Thalidomide exposure and others during first trimester of pregnancy.

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